管理导论知识点整理附样卷.docxVIP

管理导论知识点整理附样卷Efficiency:A measure of how well or how productive resources are used to achieve a goal. Effectiveness:A measure of the appropriateness of the goals an organization is pursuing and of the degree to which the organization achieves those goals. Planning:Identifying and selecting appropriate goals and courses of action Organizing:Structuring working relationships in a way that allows organizational members to work together to achieve organizational goals. Organizational Structure:A formal system pf task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates organizational members so that they work together to achieve organizational goals. Leading: Articulating a clear vision and energizing and enabling organizational members so that they understand the part they play in achieving organizational goals. Controlling:Evaluating how well an organization is achieving its goals and taking action to maintain or improve performanceRoles of managers: Decisional:Entrepreneur,DisturbanceHandler,Resource Allocator, NegotiatorInterpersonal: Figurehead, Leader, Liaison; Informational: Monitor,Disseminator,Spokesperson.Managerial Skills: Conceptual skills: The ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and to distinguish between cause and effect. Human skills: The ability to understand alter, lead, and control the behavior of other individuals and groups. Technical skills: The job-specific knowledge and techniques required to perform an organizational role. Big Five Model of Personality Traits:Extraversion:The tendency to experience positive emotions and moods and to feel good about Negative affectivity:The tendency to experience negative emotions and moods, to feel distressed, and to be critical of oneself and others. Agreeableness:The tendency to get along well with other people. Conscientiousness: The tendency to be careful, scrupulous and persevering. Openness to experience:The tendency to be original have broad interests, be open to a wide range of stimuli, be da