Why Dehli cannot plan its new town翻译introduction部分.docxVIP

metropolises [m??tr?p?l?siz] n.中心； 大都会； 大城市peripheries [p?r?f?ri] n.周边；边缘；外围affluent?[?flu?nt] adj.富裕的 n.支流contentious [k?nten??s] adj.好辩的；好争吵的；有争议的land acquisition 土地征购governance 统治，支配，管理foci ?[f??sa?] n.焦点；聚焦。名词focus的复数形式之一.municipal?[mju?n?s?pl] government 市政府seek-sought[s??t] waste processing and disposal 垃圾处理unregulated[??nreɡjule?t?d] 　 　?adj.不规范的；紊乱的；不受管理的regulate vt.调整；校准；管理；控制moderately [m?d?r?tli] 　 adv.适度地；一般地haphazard[h?ph?z?d] 　adj.偶然；随意；杂乱无章adv.杂乱.任意地n.偶然、IntroductionThe title of this article is a reference to Roy’s (2009) article entitled Why India Cannot Plan Its Cities, in which she argues that informality is itself a planning paradigm that offers municipal authorities flexibility to alter land-use. This insight serves to disrupt essentialized notions of ‘‘formal’’ and ‘‘informal’’ that may serve as useful reference points in European or American cities but are of little use in Indian metropolises. More recent research has focused on how the notions of ‘‘formal’’ and ‘‘informal’’ are produced, become institutionalized and are contested (Schindler,2014). In the case of Delhi, authorities have encouraged arterial growth of the metropolitan region in an effort to channel growth away from the congested urban core.在Delhi，政府权威想要鼓励大都市地区的、、发展，企图把发展从拥挤的城市核心中引导出。 This has resulted in unprecedented growth of ‘‘new towns’’ on Delhi’s periphery. （unprecedented?[?n?pres?dent?d]adj.前所未有的；?新奇的）这引起了Delhi边缘地区的新城市前所未有的发展Many multinational firms have located offices in India’s new towns, and middle class residents who relocate to new towns are driven by the desire to escape the congestion of centrally located areas and/or to bypass the urban poor (Bhattacharya and Sanyal, 2011;Glover, 2012). 很多跨国企业设置公司在印度的新城镇，而且，很多中产阶级的居民，因为渴望远离城市中心地区的拥挤和/或者避开城市贫民，也迁移到新城镇Rather than a smooth transition to a ‘‘bourgeois utopia’’ replete with open space and urban amenities (Fishman, 1989),however, existing scholarship has demonstrated that the politics surrounding land acquis