语言学汇总unit 7-unit12.docVIP

Unit7 Malinowski language and culture It is a mode of action and not an instrument of reflection’. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis ①Proposed:Benjamin Lee Whorf Edward Sapir ②内容Our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different languages may probably express speaker’s unique ways of understanding the world. 观点 1) language may determine our thinking patterns; 2) similarity between language is relative. Linguistic Determinism and Linguistic Relativity ③The strong version refers to the original hypothesis makes, emphasizing the decisive role of language as the shaper of our way of thinking patterns.The weak version suggests that there is a correlation between language, culture and thought, but the cross-cultural differences thus produced in our ways of thinking are relative, rather than categorical. Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationships between language use and socialstructure. It investigates the correlation between linguistic variables and social variables影响因素：class,gender,age,ethnic identity, education background, occupation, religious belief Speech community is a concept in sociolinguistics that describes a more or less discrete group of people who use language in a unique and mutually accepted way among themselves. Dialect is a form of language spoken in a particular geographical area or by members of a particular social class or occupational group, distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting.Halliday identifies three variables that determine register: 1field2tenor 3mode Chapter 9 Style: variation in the language use. Literary style: ways of writing employed in literature and by individual writers; the way the mind of the author expresses itself in words. Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies the features of situationally distinctive uses of language, and tries to establish principles capable of accounting for