放线菌属的分类及描述.docxVIP

放线菌手册汇编放线菌科概述Actinomycetaceae描述：放线菌科是由Buchanan在1918年创立的该科的一般特征是：革兰氏染色阳性，分支，偏直条状，大多数成员是属于球杆状或者类球形。细胞长度一般小于0.5μm,平均长度在1.7μm到2,9μm之间。群落可能形成丝状体形成类似菌丝体的外形，但是大多数菌落不分枝，而且主要是白色或者灰色，有一些特殊的菌落会形成深红色、淡红色、棕色、粉色、淡粉或淡黄色。现在该科根据16s RNA的核酸序列划分出包括五个不同的属：Actinomyces,Actionobaculum,Arcanobacterium,Aobiluncus,Aaribaculum.放线霉菌属Actinomyces该属包括的种有A. bovisA. bowdeniiA. canisA. cardiffensisA. catuliA. coleocanisA. dentalisA. denticolensA. europaeusA. funkeiA. georgiaeA. gerencseriaeA. graevenitziiA. hongkongensisA. hordeovulnerisA. howelliiA. humiferusA. hyovaginalisA. israeliiA. marimammaliumA. meyeriA. naeslundiiA. nasicolaA. neuiiA. odontolyticusA. oricolaA. radicidentisA. radingaeA. slackiiA. streptomyciniA. suimastitidisA. suisA. turicensisA. urogenitalisA. vaccimaxillaeA. viscosus一、Actinomyces bovisActinomyces bovis is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Actinomyces. It is the causative agent of Lumpy jaw in cattle, and occasionally causes infections in humansHistoryActinomyces bovis was first described in 1877 by C. O. Harz, as a microbe within the jaw tissue of cows with lumpy jaw. It was thought to be identical to Actinomyces israelii until 1940, when D. Erikson showed these to be two separate organisms.Figure 2Bovine actinomycosis. Granules (sulfa granules), consisting of colonies of bacteria (Actinomyces bovis) and club-shaped（球棒状的） reaction product, are within a purulent exudate.（脓性渗出物）二、Actinomyces georgiaeActinomyces georgiae is a species in the genus of Actinomyces. It is a part of the human periodontal flora（牙周菌群）.三、Actinomyces gerencseriae Actinomyces gerencseriae (Johnson et al. 1990) used to be known as Actinomyces israelii serovar II.Actinomyces gerencseriae was named for the bacteriologist, Mary Ann Gerencser.Figure 3蜘蛛状高度分支的微菌落，26h在36°下培养（1500倍放大）Figure 4培养于BHIA上的微菌落，显示了一条带有分支的长丝（24h在36°条件下）四、Actinomyces israeliiActinomyces israelii is a species of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria within the Actinomyces. Known to live commensally on and within humans, A.