国际商务函电信函写法Unit 8 Shipping.pptVIP

Unit 8 Shipping It signifies the seller’s fulfillment of the obligation to make delivery of the goods. In foreign trade, tramp and liner Tramp: a freight carrying vessel which has no regular route or schedule of sailings.---where there is need for shipping spaces. Liner: regular sailings and arrivals on a stated schedule between specified ports. Shipping by liners Ascertain the rate offered by carrier Accept proposal promptly Carrier reserves the required space and delivers to the shipper or its agent a shipping permit When goods are delivered to the dock, the shipping permit is exchanged for a dock receipt Temporary dock receipt be exchanged for regular BL before vessel sails. Ocean bill of lading A receipt of goods A contract for performance of certain services upon certain conditions An evidence of ownership of goods shipped To order: negotiable Straight: make out a special consignee Containers--Reduce cost as a halfStandard: ten to forty feet Containers can be loaded and locked at forty at factory premises or at nearby container bases, making pilferage impossible. There is no risk of goods getting lost or mislaid in transit. Manpower in handing greatly reduced, with lower costs and less risk of damage. Mechanical handling enables cargoes to be loaded in a matter of hours rather than days, reducing time ships in port and greatly increasing the number of sailings Temperature-controlled container are provided for the types of cargo that need them. Partial shipment: if nature of goods permit, stipulated in the LC Transshipment: no direct steam ship available, get consent from buyer Transportation facilities Sea Air---air waybill– not a document of title Road rail Shipping Letter Points for attention: Letters regarding shipment are usually written for the following purposes: To urge an early shipment; To amend shipping terms; To give shipping advice; To dispatch shipping documents. Specimen Letters 1.Chatering ships a,b---P122-123 2.Booking