碳固存和土地退化.pptVIP

Carbon Sequestrationand Land Degradation Presentation Outline Carbon sequestration concepts and rationale Relevant management approaches to avoid land degradation and foster carbon sequestration Summary of research quantifying soil carbon sequestration Global Concern is in the Air From Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Why are Greenhouse Gases Important? Global ecological concern for the anthropogenic source of increasing concentration in the atmosphere since 1750 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001): CO2 – 31% increase CH4 – 151% increase N2O – 17% increase Cause radiative forcing of the atmosphere, which could alter global temperature and ecosystem functioning Can be manipulated by human activities Managing Carbon Emission Rising concentration of greenhouse gases has been largely attributed to expanding use of fossil fuels as an energy source, resulting in emission of CO2 to the atmosphere Reducing net greenhouse gas emission is possible: Reduce fossil fuel combustion by becoming more energy efficient Rely more on low-carbon energy sources Solar energy capture Wind power generation Biomass fuels Carbon sequestration Carbon Sequestration Long-term storage of carbon in: Terrestrial biosphere Underground in geologic formations Oceans so that the buildup of CO2 will reduce or slow Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Increasing the net fixation of atmospheric CO2 by terrestrial vegetation with emphasis on enhancing physiology and rate of photosynthesis of vascular plants Retaining carbon in plant materials and enhancing the transformation of carbon to soil organic matter Reducing the emission of CO2 from soils caused by heterotrophic oxidation of soil organic carbon Increasing the capacity of deserts and degraded lands to sequester carbon Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Carbon Input Carbon Output Soil Carbon Sequestration Focus on maximizing carbon input Plant selection Species, cultivar, variety Growth habit (perennial / annual) Rotation seque