城乡规划视角下慢发性技术灾害--20世纪后半叶美国公共环境灾害引发规划反思.pdfVIP

城市安全 | 44 城乡规划视角下的慢发性技术灾害* ——20世纪后半叶美国公共环境灾害引发的规划反思 Slow-motion Technological Disaster in the Viewpoint of Urban Rural Planning: Planning Introspection on Public Environmental Disasters in the USA in Late Half of 20th Century 黄 怡 刘 璟 夏 胜　　　 文章编号1673-8985（2013）04-0044-06 中图分类号TU981 文献标识码A,B 摘 要 定义了慢发性技术灾害及其相关概念，阐析了美国半个世纪以来以公共环境灾害为人所知的慢发性技术灾害事件，概括其特征，并延 伸至其引发的环境正义议题的探讨。慢发性技术灾害的实质是人为导致的灾害，城市规划在其中多少负有间接责任。结合国内慢发 性技术灾害的现状，主要从两方面展开城乡规划的反思，一是工业选址模式与产业空间规划，二是土地使用的环境影响与社会空间规 划，以创造健康、公平的城乡生态与社会环境。 Abstract Offering the definition of slow-motion technological disaster and other relating concepts, the article explores those slow-motion technological disaster events known as public environmental disasters in the past half century in USA, and summarizes their characteristics; furthermore, it extends to the issue of environmental justice. The nature of slow-motion technological disaster is human-made disaster, while urban planning is, more or less, indirectly responsible for it. Combining the domestic situation of slow-motion technological disaster, introspection in urban-rural planning is started in two ways, one is industrial location model and industrial planning, the other is environmental impact of land use and social-spatial planning. The goal of such reflection of urban planning is to create a healthy, equitable ecological and social environment. 关 键 词 慢发性技术灾害 | 公共环境灾害 | 城乡规划反思 Keywords Slow-motion technological disaster |Public environmental disaster |Urban-rural planning introspection 1　慢发性技术灾害的概念 自然的行为直接引发。 国内外学者与学术机构对灾害有大量不 美国学者20世纪90年代初期的研究 同的定义，通常定义的灾害主要针对社区/社 （Elraz和Osmo ，1995；Taylo