史前社会复杂化进程的理论探索-2017年10月.pdfVIP

114 20 11 2 史前社会复杂化进程的理论探索 郑建明 (, 310014) : 史前社会; 复杂化; 理论探索 : 复杂化是社会在其生存基础社会结构意识形态等各 个方 从简单到复杂, 从平等社会向等级社会过渡 的一种进程这是史前社会 一种全球性的趋势, 造成这 一趋势最基本的动力是人口压力, 它迫使群体采取强化食物生产 从事战争或贸易等直接刺激复杂化出现的措施复杂化的实现手段是对包括经济权力军事权力思想意识在内的几种 主要的权力的控制来达到的它在考古学上的表现形式则是: 聚落的人口规模及相互之间的差异; 墓葬的规模与差异; 显赫物品的空间分布; 仪式性建筑的规模; 世袭程度等 K ey word s: prehistoric society; com plex ing; theoretical reseatch Ab stract: The com plex ing of society w as the process of society transform ing from smi plicity to com plexity in subsistence base, social structure and ideology and from e uality to hierarchyThisw as a global tendency for prehistoric societyIts basicm otive forcew as pop- ulation pressure, which forced communities to take appropriate m easures, such as intensifying the production of food, launching w ar or going into trade, w hich stmi ulated directly the rise of com plex ity The m eans of accomplishing complexity w as to controlpow er in the m ain spheres, including econom ic, m ilitary and ideological fieldsIts archaeologicalm anifestation form s are difference betw een settle- m ents in population, scale and interrelationship, that bewt een tom bs in scale and shape, the spatialdistribution ofdistinguishing ob- jects, the scale of cerem onial buildings, the level of the hereditary practice and so on , 1复杂化的定义 ( social complexity) , : , ( segregation) ( centralization) , , [ 3]