第6章 神经递质系统-彭聿平7.pdf

Chapter 6 Neurotransmitter Systems Chapter 6 Neurotransmitter Systems 第6章 神经递质系统 第6章 神经递质系统  Introduction 引 言  Studying neurotransmitter systems 神经递质系统的研究  Neurotransmitter chemistry 神经递质化学  Transmitter-gated channels 递质门控通道  G-protein-coupled receptors and effectors G蛋白耦联受体和效应器  Divergence and convergence in neurotransmitter systems 神经递质系统内的辐射和聚合  Concluding remarks 结 语 Introduction Introduction Elements of neurotransmitter systems: Elements of neurotransmitter systems: 1. Neurotransmitters--amino acids, amines, and peptides. The known transmitters has over 20 molecules. 2. Neurotransmitter system includes all the molecular machinery--transmitter synthesis, vesicular packaging, reuptake and degradation, and transmitter action. 神经递质系统的组成： 神经递质系统的组成： 1.神经递质－－氨基酸类、胺类和肽 类，共20多种递质分子。 2.神经递质作用的所有结构－－递质 合成、囊泡包装、递质重摄取、降解、 递质与受体结合、产生效应。  The first molecule positively identified as a neurotransmitter by Otto Loewi in the 1920s was acetylcholine (ACh).  To describe the cells that produce and release ACh, British pharmacologist Henry Dale introduced the term cholinergic neurons.  Dale shared the 1936 Nobel Prize with Loewi, in recognition of his neuropharmacological studies of synaptic transmission.  19世纪20年代，Otto Loewi 发现了第一个真正被作为神经递质的 分子－－乙酰胆碱。  为便于描述产生和释放乙酰胆碱的细胞，英国药理学家Henry Dale将此类细胞称为胆碱能神经元。  基于对突触传递的神经药理学研究，Dale 与 Loewi分享了1936年 的诺贝尔奖。  Dale termed the neurons that use the amine neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) noradrenergic neurons.  The convention of using the suffix –ergic continued when additional transmitters were identified. For example, glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, peptidergic neurons, and so on.  These adjectives are