pm-项目管理-10.1组织合同.pptVIP

2011春夏学期授课版 Project Management The Big Picture Course in Perspective过程透视 Organiztional Structural Questions组织结构问题 Three Structural Questions How do we organize?我们怎样组织 How do we divide labor? (differentiation)我们怎样分工 How do we provide for coordination? (integration)我们怎样协调 How do we Organize?我们怎样组织 Formally organize by:正式组织 Function功能 Product产品 Process过程 Project项目 Geography地域 Customer消费者 Time时机 Informally Self-organize非正式组织 Division of Labor – Differentiation分工 Three basic types:3个基本类型 Horizontal (same level positions)水平 Vertical (levels of hierarchy)垂直 Spatial (distinct locations)空间 Level of differentiation largely determines complexity区别主要在于复杂性 Coordination of Effort – Integration协调 Three basic forms:3个基本格式 Formalization/standardization正式的/标准化的 Centralization集权 Span of Control控制所及 Project Based Organizational Structures Functional Structure功能结构 (With Weak Projects脆弱的项目) Pure Project Organization完美的项目组织 Matrix Organization矩阵组织 Managerial Issues in Organizational Structures The Managerial Issues What is the right structure?什么是正确的结构 Organizational goals组织目标 Strategy策略 Environment环境 Technology技术方法 Resources资源 What are the mechanisms to provide for that structure?确保组织结构的机制 How will we know it is no longer the right structure?如何知道这样的结构是长久的 Trends in Future Organizational Structures组织结构的未来趋势 Trends in Organizational Structure组织结构趋势 Flattening of the hierarchy扁平化 Decentralized (networked)分散化 Appreciate dynamic/emergent nature of structure (self-organized) blurred/permeable boundaries鉴赏/新兴的自发组织结构和模糊有渗透性的边界 Proximity of individuals to environment accepted (autonomy)个体自治 Trends in Organizational Structure组织结构趋势 Increasing emphasis on design and management of the informal structure在设计和管理中越来越多的采用非正式组织结构 Focus on “value added” structure – Minimum Critical Specification着眼附加值结构－最小临界规格 Emphasis on competencies technologies强调资格和技术 Trends in Organizational Structure组织结构趋势 Focus on learning (process) and knowledge (assets)着眼学习和知识 Minimal structure (“satisficing”) for output/o