cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-n-methylamino-l-alanine (bmaa) in shark fins蓝藻毒素β-n-methylamino-l-alanine鱼翅(bmaa).pdfVIP

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10, 509-520; doi:10.3390/m OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 /journal/marinedrugs Article Cyanobacterial Neurotoxin β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in Shark Fins Kiyo Mondo 1, Neil Hammerschlag 2,3,4, Margaret Basile 1, John Pablo 1, Sandra A. Banack 5 and Deborah C. Mash 1,* 1 Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; E-Mails: kmondo@ (K.M.); mbasile@ (M.B.); jpp71@ (J.P.) 2 Rosensteil School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and Policy, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA; E-Mail: nhammerschlag@ 3 Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA 4 RJ Dunlap Marine Conservation Program, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA 5 Institute for Ethnomedicine, Box 3464, Jackson Hole, WY 83001, USA; E-Mail: sandra@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: dmash@; Tel.: +1-305-243-5888; Fax: +1-305-243-3649. Received: 19 January 2012; in revised form: 10 February 2012 / Accepted: 15 February 2012 / Published: 21 February 2012 Abstract: Sharks are among the most threatened groups of marine species. Populations are declining globally to support the growing demand for shark fin soup. Sharks are known to bioaccumulate toxins that may pose health risks to consumers of shark products. The feeding habits of sharks are varied, including fish, mammals, crustaceans and plankton. The cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA)