comparative phylogeography in a specific and obligate pollination antagonism比较phylogeography在一个特定的和专性授粉对抗.pdfVIP

Comparative Phylogeography in a Specific and Obligate Pollination Antagonism ´ ´ 1 2 Anahı Espındola *, Nadir Alvarez ˆ ˆ 1 Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland, 2 Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Abstract In specific and obligate interactions the nature and abundance of a given species can have important effects on the survival and population dynamics of associated organisms. In a phylogeographic framework, we therefore expect that the fates of organisms interacting specifically are also tightly interrelated. Here we investigate such a scenario by analyzing the genetic structures of species interacting in an obligate plant-insect pollination lure-and-trap antagonism, involving Arum maculatum (Araceae) and its specific psychodid (Diptera) visitors Psychoda phalaenoides and Psycha grisescens. Because the interaction is asymmetric (i.e., only the plant depends on the insect), we expect the genetic structure of the plant to be related with the historical pollinator availability, yielding incongruent phylogeographic patterns between the interacting organisms. Using insect mtDNA sequences and plant AFLP genome fingerprinting, we inferred the large-scale phylogeographies of each species and the distribution of genetic diversities throughout the sampled range, and evaluated the congruence in their respective genetic structures using hierarchical analyses of molecular variances (AMOVA). Because the composition of pollinator species varies in Europe, we also examined its a