coexisting cyclic parthenogens comprise a holocene species flock in eubosmina共存循环parthenogens eubosmina组成一个全新的物种群.pdfVIP

Coexisting Cyclic Parthenogens Comprise a Holocene Species Flock in Eubosmina ´ ´ 1,2 ´ 2 3 4,5 1 Marketa Faustova *, Veronika Sacherova , H. David Sheets , Jan-Erik Svensson , Derek J. Taylor 1 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America, 2 Department of Ecology, Charles University, ˚ Prague, Czech Republic, 3 Department of Physics, Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, United States of America, 4 School of Engineering, University College of Boras, ˚ ¨ Boras, Sweden, 5 Medins Biology AB, Molnlycke, Sweden Abstract Background: Mixed breeding systems with extended clonal phases and weak sexual recruitment are widespread in nature but often thought to impede the formation of discrete evolutionary clusters. Thus, cyclic parthenogens, such as cladocerans and rotifers, could be predisposed to ‘‘species problems’’ and a lack of discrete species. However, species flocks have been proposed for one cladoceran group, Eubosmina, where putative species are sympatric, and there is a detailed paleolimnological record indicating a Holocene age. These factors make the Eubosmina system suitable for testing the hypotheses that extended clonal phases and weak sexual recruitment inhibit speciation. Although common garden experiments have revealed a genetic component to the morphotypic variation, the