blood-based biomarkers for the optimization of anti-angiogenic therapiesblood-based优化抗血管生成疗法的生物标志物.pdfVIP

Cancers 2010, 2, 1027-1039; doi:10.3390/cancers2021027 OPEN ACCESS cancers ISSN 2072-6694 /journal/cancers Review Blood-Based Biomarkers for the Optimization of Anti-Angiogenic Therapies Cristina Rabascio * and Francesco Bertolini Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Ripamonti 435, Milan 20141, Italy; E-Mail: francesco.bertolini@ieo.it * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: cristina.rabascio@ieo.it; Tel.: +39 02 Fax: +39 02 Received: 29 March 2010; in revised form: 11 May 2010 / Accepted: 27 May 2010 / Published: 28 May 2010 Abstract: The dependence of tumor growth and metastasis on blood vessels makes tumor angiogenesis a rational target for therapy. Strategies have been pursued to inhibit neovascularization and to destroy existing tumor vessels, or both. These include direct targeting of endothelial cells, and indirect targeting by inhibiting the release of proangiogenic growth factors by cancer or stromal cells. Many patients benefit from antiangiogenic therapies; thus, development of noninvasive biomarkers of disease response and relapse is a crucial objective to aid in their management. A number of non-invasive tools are described with their potential benefits and limitations. We review currently available candidate biomarkers of anti-angiogenic agent effect. Including these markers into clinical trials may provid