biomic specialization and speciation rates in ruminants (cetartiodactyla, mammalia) a test of the resource-use hypothesis at the global scalebiomic专业化和反刍动物的物种形成率(cetartiodactyla哺乳类)全球范围内的资源利用假说的测试.pdfVIP

Biomic Specialization and Speciation Rates in Ruminants (Cetartiodactyla, Mammalia): A Test of the Resource-Use Hypothesis at the Global Scale 1 ´ ´ 2,3 1 Juan L. Cantalapiedra *, Manuel Hernandez Fernandez , Jorge Morales ´ ´ ´ 1 Departamento de Paleobiologıa, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain, 2 Departamento de Paleontologıa, Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 3 Departamento de Cambio Ambiental, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain Abstract The resource-use hypothesis proposed by E.S. Vrba predicts that specialist species have higher speciation and extinction rates than generalists because they are more susceptible to environmental changes and vicariance. In this work, we test some of the predictions derived from this hypothesis on the 197 extant and recently extinct species of Ruminantia (Cetartiodactyla, Mammalia) using the biomic specialization index (BSI) of each species, which is based on its distribution within different biomes. We ran 10000 Monte Carlo simulations of our data in order to get a null distribution of BSI values against which to contrast the observed data. Additionally, we drew on a supertree of the ruminants and a phylogenetic likelihood-based method (QuaSSE) for testing whether the degree of biomic specialization affects speciation rates in ruminant lineages. Our results are consistent with the predictions of the resource-use hypothesis, which foretells a higher speciation rate of lineages restricted to a single biome