the architecture and measurement of an ecosystem services index一个生态系统服务的体系结构和测量指标.pdfVIP

Sustainability 2012, 4, 430-461; doi:10.3390/su4040430 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article The Architecture and Measurement of an Ecosystem Services Index H. Spencer Banzhaf 1,2,3,* and James Boyd 4 1 Department of Economics, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3992, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA 2 National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 3 Research Fellow, Property and Environment Research Center, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA 4 Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036, USA; E-Mail: boyd@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: hsbanzhaf@; Tel.: +1-404-413-0252. Received: 5 January 2012; in revised form: 6 March 2012 / Accepted: 13 March 2012 / Published: 23 March 2012 Abstract: This paper discusses the construction of an ecosystem services index (ESI) and the respective roles of ecology and economics in that effort. It extends the concept of an ESI, analogous to Gross Domestic Product, to other analogous indices, including an ecosystem price or value index, and a net ESI that accounts for interactions between ecosystem stocks and service flows. A central aim of this paper is to account for services in an economically and ecologically defensible manner. It thus also discusses the connection between ecological models and economic models in the construction of ecosystem services indices, the former on the quantity side and the latter on the price/value side of the index. Keywords: ecosystem services; green acc