the art of manufacturing gold catalysts制造的艺术金催化剂.pdfVIP

Catalysts 2012, 2, 24-37; doi:10.3390/catal2010024 OPEN ACCESS catalysts ISSN 2073-4344 /journal/catalysts Review The Art of Manufacturing Gold Catalysts Laura Prati * and Alberto Villa Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica L.Malatesta, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, Milano 20133, Italy; E-Mail: Alberto.Villa@unimi.it * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Laura.Prati@unimi.it; Tel.: +39-02503-14357; Fax: +39-02503-14405. Received: 17 October 2011; in revised form: 21 November 2011 / Accepted: 7 December 2011 / Published: 21 December 2011 Abstract: Gold has been considered as an active catalyst only when suitable techniques of preparation provided high metal dispersion. A comprehensive survey of the different methods now available for preparing active gold catalysts is reported with particular attention to the role of the supporting material in determining catalyst characteristics. Keywords: gold; catalysts preparation; heterogeneous catalysts; gold nanoparticles 1. Introduction Gold catalysts have now reached an established important role in the field of catalysis since Haruta [1] and Hutchings [2] disclosed the peculiarity of the activity of this metal in CO oxidation and ethylene hydrochlorination 20 years ago. The use of gold catalysts has been enormously expanded [3,4] but, since the beginning of its story, the use of gold for manufacturing new catalytic systems was affected by