antarctic marine biodiversity – what do we know about the distribution of life in the southern ocean南极海洋生物多样性u2014u2014我们知道生活在南大洋的分布.pdfVIP

Review Antarctic Marine Biodiversity – What Do We Know About the Distribution of Life in the Southern Ocean? Huw J. Griffiths* British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom The remote and hostile Southern Ocean is home to a diverse and current in the world, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, rich community of life that thrives in an environment dominated by continuously circles the continent, driven by strong westerly winds glaciations and strong currents. Marine biological studies in the that are unimpeded by land. Closer to the continent, easterly region date back to the nineteenth century, but despite this long winds form a series of clockwise gyres (most notably in the Ross history of research, relatively little is known about the complex and Weddell seas) that form the westward-flowing Antarctic interactions between the highly seasonal physical environment and Coastal Current [1–4]. the species that inhabit the Southern Ocean. Oceanographically, The majority of Antarctic Circumpolar Current water is the Southern Ocean is a major driver of global ocean circulation transported by jets in the Sub-Antarctic Front and the Polar and plays a vital role in interacting with the deep water circulation Front. The Polar Front marks the northern extent of very cold in each of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. The Census of fresh (low salinity), Antarctic surface water [5]. North of the Polar Antarctic Marine Life and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Front, the moderately fresh, cool sub-Antarctic surface waters are Research Marine Biodiversity Information Network (SCAR- separated fr