有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站ancient host–pathogen associations maintained by specificity of chemotaxis and antibiosis宿主-病原体协会由古代特异性趋化性和抗菌.pdfVIP
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ancient host–pathogen associations maintained by specificity of chemotaxis and antibiosis宿主-病原体协会由古代特异性趋化性和抗菌
PLoS BIOLOGY
Ancient Host–Pathogen Associations Maintained
by Specificity of Chemotaxis and Antibiosis
Nicole M. Gerardo1,2,3*, Sarah R. Jacobs1,4, Cameron R. Currie2,5, Ulrich G. Mueller1,2
1 Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America, 2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama,
3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America, 4 Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 5 Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of
America
Switching by parasites to novel hosts has profound effects on ecological and evolutionary disease dynamics. Switching
requires that parasites are able to establish contact with novel hosts and to overcome host defenses. For most host–
parasite associations, it is unclear as to what specific mechanisms prevent infection of novel hosts. Here, we show that
parasitic fungal species in the genus Escovopsis, which attack and consume the fungi cultivated by fungus-growing
ants, are attracted to their hosts via chemotaxis. This response is host-specific: Escovopsis spp. grow towards their
natural host cultivars more rapidly than towards other closely related fungi. Moreover, the cultivated fungi secrete
compounds that can suppress Escovopsis growth. These antibiotic defenses are likewise specific: in most interactions,
cultivars can inhibit growth of Escovopsis spp. not known to infect them in nature but cannot inhibit isolates of their
naturally infecting pathogens. Cases in which cultivars are susceptible to novel Escovopsis are limited to a narrow set of
host–parasite strain combinations. Tar
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