有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站ancient and recent positive selection transformed opioid cis-regulation in humans古代和近代人类积极的选择改变了阿片类药物cis-regulation.pdfVIP
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ancient and recent positive selection transformed opioid cis-regulation in humans古代和近代人类积极的选择改变了阿片类药物cis-regulation
Open access, freely available online PLoS BIOLOGY
Ancient and Recent Positive Selection
Transformed Opioid cis-Regulation in Humans
1¤a* 1,2¤b 3 4 1,3,5
Matthew V. Rockman , Matthew W. Hahn , Nicole Soranzo , Fritz Zimprich , David B. Goldstein ,
1,5
Gregory A. Wray
1 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, 2 Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California,
United States of America, 3 Department of Biology, University College, London, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria 5 Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
Changes in the cis-regulation of neural genes likely contributed to the evolution of our species’ unique attributes, but
evidence of a role for natural selection has been lacking. We found that positive natural selection altered the cis-
regulation of human prodynorphin, the precursor molecule for a suite of endogenous opioids and neuropeptides with
critical roles in regulating perception, behavior, and memory. Independent lines of phylogenetic and population
genetic evidence support a history of selective sweeps driving the evolution of the human prodynorphin promoter. In
experimental assays of chimpanzee–human hybrid promoters, the selected sequence increases transcriptional
inducibility. The evidence for a change in the response of the brain’s natural opioids to inductive stimuli points to
potential human-specific characteristics favored during evolutio
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