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Open access, freely available online Synopses of Research Articles Tubeworm May Live Longer by Cycling Its Sulfur Downward DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030108 Any organism may be limited by some essential nutrient in survival increases to over 250 years, matching the longevity of short supply—nitrogen for a plant on poor soil, for instance, or actual living tubeworms. The model, which was based largely iron for phytoplankton in the open ocean. For the long-lived on empirical data, is relatively unperturbed by changes in tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi, what it needs most and has hydrocarbon seep rate, or in the growth and recruitment rates for least is sulfi de. L. luymesi lives the colony. The authors note that clustered around hydrocarbon- the proposed return of sulfate into releasing ocean fl oor seeps in the deep sediments would, in theory, Gulf of Mexico, and it—or rather, increase the local rate of carbonate its menagerie of internal bacterial rock formation, creating a barrier symbionts—uses the high-energy to fl uid circulation into the sulfi de the way plants use sunlight, sediments. Their model predicts extracting energy and releasing