有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站alternative mating type configurations (aα versus aa or αα) of candida albicans result in alternative biofilms regulated by different pathways选择交配类型配置(aα与aa或αα)白色念珠菌导致替代生物膜受不同的路径.pdfVIP
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alternative mating type configurations (aα versus aa or αα) of candida albicans result in alternative biofilms regulated by different pathways选择交配类型配置(aα与aa或αα)白色念珠菌导致替代生物膜受不同的路径
Alternative Mating Type Configurations (a/a versus a/a
or a/a) of Candida albicans Result in Alternative Biofilms
Regulated by Different Pathways
. . . .
Song Yi , Nidhi Sahni , Karla J. Daniels , Kevin L. Lu , Thyagarajan Srikantha, Guanghua Huang,
Adam M. Garnaas, David R. Soll*
Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
Abstract
Similar multicellular structures can evolve within the same organism that may have different evolutionary histories, be
controlled by different regulatory pathways, and play similar but nonidentical roles. In the human fungal pathogen Candida
albicans, a quite extraordinary example of this has occurred. Depending upon the configuration of the mating type locus (a/
a versus a/a or a/a), C. albicans forms alternative biofilms that appear similar morphologically, but exhibit dramatically
different characteristics and are regulated by distinctly different signal transduction pathways. Biofilms formed by a/a cells
are impermeable to molecules in the size range of 300 Da to 140 kDa, are poorly penetrated by human polymorphonuclear
leukocytes (PMNs), and are resistant to antifungals. In contrast, a/a or a/a biofilms are permeable to molecules in this size
range, are readily penetrated by PMNs, and are susceptible to antifungals. By mutational analyses, a/a biofilms are
demonstrated to be regulated by the Ras1/cAMP pathway that includes Ras1R Cdc35R cAMP(Pde2— |)
RTpk2(Tpk1)REfg1RTec1RBcr1, and a/a biofilms by the MAP kinase pathway that includes MfaRSte2R (Ste4, Ste18,
Cag1)RSte11RHst7RCek2(Cek1)RTec1. These observations suggest the hypothesis that while the upstream portion of
the newly evolved pa
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