alu sequences in undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells display high levels of a-to-i rna editingalu序列在未分化的人类胚胎干细胞显示高水平的a-to-i rna编辑.pdfVIP

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alu sequences in undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells display high levels of a-to-i rna editingalu序列在未分化的人类胚胎干细胞显示高水平的a-to-i rna编辑.pdf

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alu sequences in undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells display high levels of a-to-i rna editingalu序列在未分化的人类胚胎干细胞显示高水平的a-to-i rna编辑

Alu Sequences in Undifferentiated Human Embryonic Stem Cells Display High Levels of A-to-I RNA Editing 1,2 1,2 1 1 3 Sivan Osenberg , Nurit Paz Yaacov , Michal Safran , Sharon Moshkovitz , Ronit Shtrichman , Ofra 1 1 1 1 3,4 Sherf , Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch , Gilmor Keshet , Ninette Amariglio *, Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor , Gideon Rechavi1,2 1 Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, 2 Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 3 Sohnis and Forman Families Stem Cell Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel Abstract Adenosine to Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a site-specific modification of RNA transcripts, catalyzed by members of the ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA) protein family. RNA editing occurs in human RNA in thousands of different sites. Some of the sites are located in protein-coding regions but the majority is found in non-coding regions, such as 39UTRs, 59UTRs and introns - mainly in Alu elements. While editing is found in all tissues, the highest levels of editing are found in the brain. It was shown that editing levels within protein-coding regions are increased during embryogenesis and after birth and that RNA editing is crucial for organism viability as well as for normal development. In this study we characterized the A-to-I RNA editing phenomenon during neuronal