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Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 2423-2437; doi:10.3390/md9112423 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 /journal/marinedrugs Review Advancement into the Arctic Region for Bioactive Sponge Secondary Metabolites 1 2 1 1 1 Samuel Abbas , Michelle Kelly , John Bowling , James Sims , Amanda Waters and Mark Hamann 1,* 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; E-Mails: shabbas@ (S.A.); jjbowlin@ (J.B.); jwsims@ (J.S.); alwaters@ (A.W.) 2 National Centre for Aquatic Biodiversity and Biosecurity, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Auckland Central 1149, New Zealand; E-Mail: m.kelly@niwa.co.nz * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: mthamann@; Tel.: +1-662-915-5730; Fax: +1-662-915-6975. Received: 22 September 2011; in revised form: 9 November 2011 / Accepted: 11 November 2011 / Published: 21 November 2011 Abstract: Porifera have long been a reservoir for the discovery of bioactive compounds and drug discovery. Most research in the area has focused on sponges from tropical and temperate waters, but more recently the focus has shifted to the less accessible colder waters of the Antarctic and, to a lesser extent, the Arctic. The Antarctic region in particular has been a more popular location for natural products discovery and has provided promising candidates for drug development. This article reviews groups of bioactive compounds that