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action versus result-oriented schemes in a grassland agroecosystem a dynamic modelling approach行动和以结果为导向的计划在草地农业生态系统动态建模方法
Action versus Result-Oriented Schemes in a Grassland
Agroecosystem: A Dynamic Modelling Approach
1,2 3 1,2
Rodolphe Sabatier *, Luc Doyen , Muriel Tichit
1 INRA, UMR 1048 SADAPT, Paris, France, 2 AgroParisTech, UMR 1048 SADAPT, Paris, France, 3 CNRS, UMR 7204 CERSP, MNHN, Paris, France
Abstract
Effects of agri-environment schemes (AES) on biodiversity remain controversial. While most AES are action-oriented, result-
oriented and habitat-oriented schemes have recently been proposed as a solution to improve AES efficiency. The objective
of this study was to compare action-oriented, habitat-oriented and result-oriented schemes in terms of ecological and
productive performance as well as in terms of management flexibility. We developed a dynamic modelling approach based
on the viable control framework to carry out a long term assessment of the three schemes in a grassland agroecosystem.
The model explicitly links grazed grassland dynamics to bird population dynamics. It is applied to lapwing conservation in
wet grasslands in France. We ran the model to assess the three AES scenarios. The model revealed the grazing strategies
respecting ecological and productive constraints specific to each scheme. Grazing strategies were assessed by both their
ecological and productive performance. The viable control approach made it possible to obtain the whole set of viable
grazing strategies and therefore to quantify the management flexibility of the grassland agroecosystem. Our results showed
that habitat and result-oriented scenarios led to much higher ecological performance than the action-oriented one.
Differences in both ecological and productive performance between the habitat and result-oriented scenarios were limited.
Flexibility of the gr
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