a pev charging service model for smart grids智能电网的pev充电服务模型.pdfVIP

Energies 2012, 5, 4665-4682; doi:10.3390/en5114665 OPEN ACCESS energies ISSN 1996-1073 /journal/energies Article A PEV Charging Service Model for Smart Grids Khaled Shuaib 1,*, Liren Zhang 1, Ahmed Gaouda 2 and Mohammed Abdel-Hafez 2 1 College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17551, Al-Ain, UAE; E-Mail: lzhang@uaeu.ac.ae 2 College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17551, Al-Ain, UAE; E-Mails: AGaouda@uaeu.ac.ae (A.G.); mhafez@uaeu.ac.ae (M.A.-H.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: k.shuaib@uaeu.ac.ae; Tel.: +97137135551; Fax: +97137672018. Received: 6 September 2012; in revised form: 25 October 2012 / Accepted: 6 November 2012 / Published: 16 November 2012 Abstract: Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) are envisioned to be more popular during the next decade as part of Smart Grid implementations. Charging multiple PEVs at the same time within a power distribution area constitutes a major challenge for energy service providers. This paper discusses a priority-based approach for charging PEVs in a Smart Grid environment. In this work, ideas from the communication network paradigm are being utilized and tailored toward achieving the desired objective of monitoring and controlling PEVs electric load in Smart Grid. A detailed example is given to show how uncontrolled penetration of PEVs can impact distribution transformer reliability. The paper introduces the concept of Charging Q