Servo Control of RF Cavities under Beam Loading在束负载的RF腔伺服控制.docVIP

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Servo Control of RF Cavities under Beam Loading在束负载的RF腔伺服控制.doc

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Servo Control of RF Cavities under Beam Loading在束负载的RF腔伺服控制

Beam cavity interaction A. Gamp Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany Abstract We begin by giving a description of the rf generator–cavity–beam coupled system in terms of basic quantities. Taking beam loading and cavity detuning into account, expressions for the cavity impedance as seen by the generator and as seen by the beam are derived. Subsequently methods of beam-loading compensation by cavity detuning, rf feedback, and feed-forward are described. Examples of digital rf phase and amplitude control for the special case of superconducting cavities are also given. Finally, a dedicated phase loop for damping synchrotron oscillations is discussed. Introduction In modern particle accelerators rf voltages in an extremely large amplitude and frequency range, from a few hundred volts to hundreds of megavolts and from some kHz to many GHz, are required for particle acceleration and storage. The rf power, which is needed to satisfy these demands can, for example, be generated by triodes, tetrodes, klystrons, or by semiconductor devices. The cw output power available from some tetrodes which were used at HERAp is 60 kW at 208 MHz and up to 800 kW for the 500 MHz klystrons for the new synchrotron light source PETRA III. The 1.3 GHz klystrons for the Free-Electron Laser FLASH at DESY can deliver up to 10 MW rf peak power during pulses of about 1 ms length. Even higher power levels can be obtained from S- and X-band klystrons during pulse lengths on the (s scale. Such rf power generators generally deliver rf voltages of only a few kV because their source impedance or their output wave guide impedance is small as compared to the shunt impedance of the cavities in the accelerators. Typically, a tetrode has its highest efficiency for a load resistance of less than a whereas the cavity shunt impedance usually is of the order of several This is the real impedance, which the cavity represents to a generator at the resonant frequency. It must not be confus