神经生物学考点0（Neurobiology test site 0）.docVIP

神经生物学考点0（Neurobiology test site 0） Chapter 1 1. Nissl bodies (Nissl, body): strongly basophilic, coarse or blocky, consisting of RER and free ribosomes. The structural proteins necessary for synthesis and replication of organelles, enzymes necessary for the synthesis of neurotransmitters, and the functions of neuromodulation. 2. nerve fibers (neurofibril): in silver staining sections, they are brownish black filaments, interlaced in mesh, and inserted into dendrites and axons, consisting of filaments and microtubules. Nerve filaments are filaments composed of neurofilament proteins. Nerve fiber is the backbone of neurons, and microtubules are involved in the transport of material. 3. concepts of Neurobiology: Neurobiology (Neurobiology) is a comprehensive science biology studies of an animal and human nervous system. It is at the molecular level, cellular level to the neural network (cell activity) of nervous system and the whole system level; to understand the relation between the structure and function of different levels; growth and development, aging, apoptosis of nervous system; to clarify the mechanism of psychology and behavior and provide the basis for the mechanism of the spirit; activity substance. Neurobiological research areas: molecular neurobiology, cellular neurobiology, systematic neurobiology, behavioral neurobiology, developmental neurobiology, comparative neurobiology Commonly used methods of neurobiology research: 1. morphological research methods: 1) autopsy: pathological anatomy, histochemistry, immunofluorescence 2) image: CT, MRI, PET 3) in vivo labeling: radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, HRP, and in situ hybridization 4) confocal laser scanning microscope: Classification of 4. neurons: (1) according to the number of neurites, there are three kinds: multipolar neurons; bipolar neurons; pseudo unipolar neurons (2.) they are divided into three groups according to the functions of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons (