病理生理学试卷和答案（Pathophysiology, examination papers and answers）.docVIP

病理生理学试卷和答案（Pathophysiology, examination papers and answers） First, the multiple-choice questions: (1 points per game, a total of 30 points) 1. when chronic renal failure is the most effective indicator of renal function is (E) (A) plasma urea nitrogen (B), plasma uric acid nitrogen (C), and plasma creatinine (D) the degree of hyperkalemia (E) creatinine clearance rate 2., the systemic blood pressure that decreases the perfusion pressure of the renal artery is (D) (A) below 40mmHg (B) below 50mmHg (C) below 70mmHg (D) below 80mmHg (E) below 90mmHg 3. the most severe complication of oliguria in acute renal insufficiency is (E) (A) metabolic acidosis (B), water intoxication (C), and hypoxemia (D) hyperkalemia (E) hyperkalemia The common cause of 4. hepatic encephalopathy is (D) (A) increased levels of nitrogen in the gastrointestinal tract (B), increased carbohydrate intake (C), and increased fat intake (D) upper gastrointestinal bleeding (E) increased intestinal bacterial activity 5. the main mechanism of elevated blood ammonia causing hepatic encephalopathy is (E) (A) affecting the excitability and conduction function of the cerebral cortex (B), resulting in excessive production of acetylcholine (C) cause the brain stem reticular formation to be abnormal (D), which reduces the norepinephrine effect (E) interfere with the energy metabolism of brain cells 6. low volume hyponatremia (hypotonic dehydration) is the most important effect on the body (C) (A) acidosis (B), acidemia (C), circulatory failure (D) cerebral hemorrhage (E) dysfunction of the nervous system 7. hypokalemia occurs (C) (A) normal, acidic urine (B), normal alkaline urine (C), abnormal uric acid (D) paradoxical alkaline urine (E), neutral urine 8. clinically, patients with hyponatremia of low capacity are given in principle (E) (A) hypertonic sodium chloride (B), 10% glucose solution (C), hypotonic sodium chloride (D) 50% glucose solution (E) isotonic sodium chloride; 9. the mechanism by which excess in