神经系统定位思路（Localization of the nervous system）.docVIP

神经系统定位思路（Localization of the nervous system） Location diagnosis of nervous system diseases In any neurological patient, we first need to address the location of specific parts of the nervous system, and the best way to locate the lesion is to have a thorough history collection and a careful physical examination. In the anatomical localization, the most important areas are muscle, muscle, nerve joint, peripheral nerve, nerve root, spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum, lower cerebral cortex and cerebral cortex. The following are the characteristics of neurological diseases in these important areas to analyze the localization of neurological diseases. I. muscular diseases Muscle disease often results in symmetrical muscle weakness near the center of the body without loss of sensation. For example, the proximal symmetric weakness when the patient complaints and lower extremity or upper limbs when asked whether the patients should be observed or not both hands out of the car, the squat can stand up; or whether the patient can carry a child can lift, lift heavy objects or water etc.. It is important to note that myopathy is rarely confined to one side of the body, and true sensory disturbances should not occur in any muscle confined disease. Can be found near the center of the body to physical examination, no loss of sensation, muscle atrophy and normal morphology, no fasciculation, muscle tension is usually normal or decreased, normal or decreased emission also. Two, neuromuscular junction disease Fatigue is the clinical feature of neuromuscular junction disease. Muscle weakness increases during resting and recovery during rest. In the history collection, the patient also complained about the history of post active fatigue relief. The physical examination should be able to show the fatigue of proximal limb symmetric weakness without sensory loss, decreased muscle strength test of repetitive movements, short break strength recovery; sustained upward gaze caused ptosis; wea