Limits and Accuracy in Measurements EOLSS（限制在测量EOLSS和准确性）.pdfVIP

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Limits and Accuracy in Measurements EOLSS（限制在测量EOLSS和准确性）.pdf

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Limits and Accuracy in Measurements EOLSS（限制在测量EOLSS和准确性）

PHYSICAL METHODS, INSTRUMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS – Vol. I - Limits and Accuracy in Measurements - G.A. Ososkov, E.L. Kosarev LIMITS AND ACCURACY IN MEASUREMENTS G.A. Ososkov Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia E.L. Kosarev P.L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems, Moscow 119334, Russia Keywords: Measurement, Sample, Accuracy, Statistics, Error, Bias, Estimation, Maximum likelihood, Least squares, Parametric method, Non-parametric, Resolution, Superresolution, Robust statistics Contents S 1. Introduction 2. Mathematical formalism S S 2.1. Distribution-free Methods L R 2.2.1. Point Estimators 2.2. Parameter Estimation O E 2.2.2. Interval Estimators 2.3. Evaluation of Dependencies E T 2.3.1. Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood P 2.3.2. Measurements with Different Accuracy – 3. Robust approach A 4. Resolution of digitized signals 4.1. Non-parametric Approach O H 4.2. Parametric Approach C C 4.3. Cramér-Rao Lower-bound for Accuracy Acknowledgments S Glossary E Bibliography E L Biographical Sketches N P Summary U M The natural way to find the limits of the accuracy in measurements is based on the A probability theory and the mathematical statistics. In this general review distribution- free methods and non-parametric methods, point and interval estimations of the S unknown parameters are discussed. The connection between maximum likelihood method and least squares method is shown. The special sections are devoted to robust approach and to resolution