mutual information for the detection of crush互信息的检测.pdfVIP

Mutual Information for the Detection of Crush 1 2 1 Peter Harding , Steve Gwynne , Martyn Amos * 1 School of Computing, Mathematics and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom, 2 Hughes Associates, London, United Kingdom Abstract Fatal crush conditions occur in crowds with tragic frequency. Event organizers and architects are often criticised for failing to consider the causes and implications of crush, but the reality is that both the prediction and prevention of such conditions offer a significant technical challenge. Full treatment of physical force within crowd simulations is precise but often computationally expensive; the more common method of human interpretation of results is computationally ‘‘cheap’’ but subjective and time-consuming. This paper describes an alternative method for the analysis of crowd behaviour, which uses information theory to measure crowd disorder. We show how this technique may be easily incorporated into an existing simulation framework, and validate it against an historical event. Our results show that this method offers an effective and efficient route towards automatic detection of the onset of crush. Citation: Harding P, Gwynne S, Amos M (2011) Mutual Information for the Detection of Crush. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28747. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028747 Editor: Yamir Moreno, University of Zaragoza, Spain Received August 4, 2011; Accepted November 14, 2011; Published December 21, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Harding et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: T