molecular dynamics of retinoic acid-induced craniofacial malformations implications for the origin of gnathostome jaws分子动力学的视黄段颅面畸形影响gnathostome下巴的起源.pdfVIP

Molecular Dynamics of Retinoic Acid-Induced Craniofacial Malformations: Implications for the Origin of Gnathostome Jaws 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 4 Maxence Vieux-Rochas , Laurent Coen , Takahiro Sato , Yukiko Kurihara , Yorick Gitton , Ottavia Barbieri , Karine Le Blay , Giorgio Merlo , 5 2 6,7 1 Marc Ekker , Hiroki Kurihara , Philippe Janvier , Giovanni Levi * ´ ´ 1 Evolution des Regulations Endocriniennes, CNRS, UMR5166, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, 2 Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 3 Transgenic Unit, Department of Oncology, Biology and Genetics, University of Genova, IST c/o CBA, Genova, Italy, 4 Dulbecco Telethon Institute CNR-ITB, Milano, Italy, 5 Centre for Advanced Research in ´ Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, 6 CNRS, UMR 5143, Departement Histoire de la Terre, ´ Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, 7 Palaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Background. Intake of retinoic acid (RA) or of its precursor, vitamin A, during early pregnancy is associated with increased incidence of craniofacial lesions. The origin of these teratogenic effects remains enigmatic as in cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), which largely contribute to craniofacial structures, the RA-transduction pathway is not active. Recent results s