how much does it cost to expand a protected area system some critical determining factors and ranges of costs for queensland要花多少钱来扩大保护区系统一些关键决定因素和昆士兰的成本.pdfVIP

How Much Does it Cost to Expand a Protected Area System? Some Critical Determining Factors and Ranges of Costs for Queensland 1 2 1 Vanessa M. Adams *, Daniel B. Segan , Robert L. Pressey 1 Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, 2 School of Biological Sciences, The University Of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia Abstract Many governments have recently gone on record promising large-scale expansions of protected areas to meet global commitments such as the Convention on Biological Diversity. As systems of protected areas are expanded to be more comprehensive, they are more likely to be implemented if planners have realistic budget estimates so that appropriate funding can be requested. Estimating financial budgets a priori must acknowledge the inherent uncertainties and assumptions associated with key parameters, so planners should recognize these uncertainties by estimating ranges of potential costs. We explore the challenge of budgeting a priori for protected area expansion in the face of uncertainty, specifically considering the future expansion of protected areas in Queensland, Australia. The government has committed to adding ,12 million ha to the reserve system, bringing the total area protected to 20 million ha by 2020. We used Marxan to estimate the costs of potential reserve designs with data on actual land value, market value, transaction costs, and land tenure. With scenarios, we explored three sources of budget variability: size of biodiversity objectives; subdivision of properties; and legal acquisition routes varying with tenure. Depending on the assumptions made, our budget estimates