有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站hiv-1 subtype d infections among caucasians from northwestern poland—phylogenetic and clinical analysis白种人在西北poland-phylogenetic hiv - 1 d亚型感染和临床分析.pdfVIP
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hiv-1 subtype d infections among caucasians from northwestern poland—phylogenetic and clinical analysis白种人在西北poland-phylogenetic hiv - 1 d亚型感染和临床分析
HIV-1 Subtype D Infections among Caucasians from Northwestern Poland—Phylogenetic and Clinical Analysis ´ Miłosz Parczewski*, Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka, Dorota Bander, Anna Urbanska, Anna Boron- Kaczmarska Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland Abstract Background: HIV-1 subtype D infections, which are associated with a faster rate of progression and lymphocyte CD4 decline, cognitive deficit and higher mortality, have rarely been found in native Europeans. In Northwestern Poland, however, infections with this subtype had been identified. This study aimed to analyze the sequence and clinical data for patients with subtype D using molecular phylogeography and identify transmission clusters and ancestry, as well as drug resistance, baseline HIV tropism and antiretroviral treatment efficacy. Methods: Phylogenetic analyses of local HIV-1 subtype D sequences were performed, with time to the most recent common ancestor inferred using Bayesian modeling. Sequence and drug resistance data were linked with the clinical and epidemiological information. Results: Subtype D was found in 24 non-immigrant Caucasian, heterosexually infected patients (75% of females, median age at diagnosis of 49.5 years; IQR: 29–56 years). Partial pol sequences clustered monophyletically with the clades of Ugandan origin and no evidence of transmission from other European countries was found. Time to the most common recent ancestor was 1989.24 (95% HPD: 1968.83–1994.46). Baseline drug resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was observed in 54.5% of cases (mutat
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