high-pitched notes during vocal contests signal genetic diversity in ocellated antbirds尖锐的指出在声乐比赛信号单眼的蚁鸟的基因多样性.pdfVIP

High-Pitched Notes during Vocal Contests Signal Genetic Diversity in Ocellated Antbirds 1 2¤ 3,4 2,5 Yi-men Araya-Ajoy , Johel Chaves-Campos *, Elisabeth K. V. Kalko , J. Andrew DeWoody ´ ´ 1 Escuela de Biologıa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America, 3 Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany, 4 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama, 5 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America Abstract Animals use honest signals to assess the quality of competitors during aggressive interactions. Current theory predicts that honest signals should be costly to produce and thus reveal some aspects of the phenotypic or genetic quality of the sender. In songbirds, research indicates that biomechanical constraints make the production of some acoustic features costly. Furthermore, recent studies have found that vocal features are related to genetic diversity. We linked these two lines of research by evaluating if constrained acoustic features reveal male genetic diversity during aggressive interactions in ocellated antbirds (Phaenostictus mcleannani). We recorded the aggressive vocalizations of radiotagged males at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica, and found significant variation in the highest frequency produced among individuals. Moreover, we detected a negative relationship between the frequency of the highest pitched note and vocalization duration, suggesting that