high virulence of wolbachia after host switching when autophagy hurts高毒性的沃尔巴克氏体属主机切换后自噬痛.pdfVIP

High Virulence of Wolbachia after Host Switching: When Autophagy Hurts 1 1 1 2 Winka Le Clec’h , Christine Braquart-Varnier , Maryline Raimond , Jean-Baptiste Ferdy , 1 1 Didier Bouchon , Mathieu Sicard * ´ ´ 1 Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Universite de Poitiers, Poitiers, France, 2 Evolution et Diversite ´ Biologique, UMR CNRS 5174, Universite Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, Toulouse, France Abstract Wolbachia are widespread endosymbionts found in a large variety of arthropods. While these bacteria are generally transmitted vertically and exhibit weak virulence in their native hosts, a growing number of studies suggests that horizontal transfers of Wolbachia to new host species also occur frequently in nature. In transfer situations, virulence variations can be predicted since hosts and symbionts are not adapted to each other. Here, we describe a situation where a Wolbachia strain (wVulC) becomes a pathogen when transfected from its native terrestrial isopod host species (Armadillidium vulgare) to another species (Porcellio d. dilatatus). Such transfer of wVulC kills all recipient animals within 75 days. Before death, animals suffer symptoms such as growth slowdown and nervous system disorders. Neither those symptoms nor mortalities were observed after injection of wVulC into its native host A. vulgare. Analyses of wVulC’s densities in main organs including Central Nervous Syst