a serological survey of infectious disease in yellowstone national park’s canid community血清学调查传染病在黄石国家公园的犬科动物社区.pdfVIP

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a serological survey of infectious disease in yellowstone national park’s canid community血清学调查传染病在黄石国家公园的犬科动物社区.pdf

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a serological survey of infectious disease in yellowstone national park’s canid community血清学调查传染病在黄石国家公园的犬科动物社区

A Serological Survey of Infectious Disease in Yellowstone National Park’s Canid Community 1 1,2 3 4 4 Emily S. Almberg *, L. David Mech , Douglas W. Smith , Jennifer W. Sheldon , Robert L. Crabtree 1 Department of Natural Resources, Science, and Management, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, 2 USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, 3 Yellowstone Center for Resources, Wolf Project, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, United States of America, 4 Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America Abstract Background: Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park (YNP) after a .70 year absence, and as part of recovery efforts, the population has been closely monitored. In 1999 and 2005, pup survival was significantly reduced, suggestive of disease outbreaks. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyzed sympatric wolf, coyote (Canis latrans), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) serologic data from YNP, spanning 1991–2007, to identify long-term patterns of pathogen exposure, identify associated risk factors, and examine evidence for disease-induced mortality among wolves for which there were survival data. We found high, constant exposure to canine parvovirus (wolf seroprevalence: 100%; coyote: 94%), canine adenovirus-1 (wolf pups [0.5–0.9 yr]: 91%, adults [$1 yr]: 96%; coyote juveniles [0.5–1.5 yrs]: 18%, adults [$1.6 yrs]: 83%), and canine herpesvirus (wolf: 87%; coyote juveniles: 23%, young adults [1.6–4.9 yrs]: 51%, old adults [$5 yrs]: 87%) suggesting that these pathogens were enzootic within YNP wolves and coyotes. An average of 50% of