备战期中考：高二英语人教版第5册第1单元知识点大汇总.docVIP

备战期中考：高二英语人教版第五册第一单元知识点大汇总 高中英语新课标必修五unit 1知识点Great scientists 1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted? up by a force that helps them float?哪位科学家发现了水里的 东西被帮助以浮动的力举起？ in water定语，修饰objects a force之后又跟了个that引导的定语从句 lift up 拿起，举起，升起 2. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children??谁用豌豆显示了身体特 征是如何从父母传延到孩子的？ 3. Who put forward a theory about black holes? 谁提出了关 于黑洞的理论？ put forward提出建议，拨快(钟等) ... put的常用词组有： put aside节省（钱、时间）；储蓄；把……放在一边 put away储存（钱）；放好 put back拨慢；搁置 put down放下；记下；击败；使（飞机）着陆； put off延期；推迟 put on上演；穿上；戴上 put out熄灭；关掉；扑灭 put through接通电话；完成 put up with忍受；忍耐 put into action/effect/practice实施；实行 4. What do you know about infectious diseases such as cholera? 关于传染病你了解什么，比如霍乱？ Colds are infectious, and so are some eye diseases. 感冒是传 染的,有些眼病也是传染的。 Its more useful to learn modern languages, such as English and German. 学习英语和德语等现代语言有用。 5. …people exposed to cholera. 得了霍乱的老百姓 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰people。相当于定语从句 which were exposed to cholera。 expose的意思是“暴露；揭露；使曝光”，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”的意思。 The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemy’s fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。 6. the most deadly disease in its day.在当时是最致命的疾病 deadly adj.致命的, 势不两立的, 死一般的, 极度的, 必定的 adv.如死一般地, 极度地；非常地 7. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每当（疾病）突发时，总有成千的人死去。 本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当……”。 8. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。 absorb的意思是“吸收；吸引；使专心；合并；吞并”，常用 be absorbed in sth.表示“专心于某事”。 9. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, John Snow was ready to test these two theories.因此，在1854年伦 敦再次爆发霍乱的时候，约翰斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。 be ready to do sth 乐于做，准备做 10. The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。 valuable 的意思是“贵重的；有很大价值的；有用的；有帮助 的”，其名词形式为value。 valuable, valueless, invaluable, priceless与 worthless的用法 别： (1)valuable, priceless, invaluable这三个词意思一样，都表 示“贵重的；无