专四语法重点难点概要.ppt

专四语法讲座;专四语法大纲;专四语法大纲;专四词汇大纲;语法核心考点：（虚拟、非谓语动词、从句连接词、11种倒装、主谓一致时态语态情态、）;语法核心考点：（虚拟、非谓语动词、从句连接词、11种倒装、主谓一致时态语态情态、）;虚拟语气--而用介词短语表示违反事实的假设，此时句中谓语动词仍用虚拟语气。;虚拟语气--错综时间的虚拟语气;用虚拟语气的其他一些情况;用虚拟语气的其他一些情况;虚拟和事实 ;用虚拟语气的其他一些情况;用虚拟语气的其他一些情况;跟随虚拟语气的动词;KAMP RIDES FACE; 不定式;infinitive;I have a lot of work to do. （将来）;不定式一般不能作介词的宾语； 只有在极少数介词如 ：but, except等后才行，此时不定式可带 to 或不带 to。 He seldom comes except to look at my pictures. We have no choice but to wait outside. They could do nothing but ask for help. --谓语动词为do 的任何一种形式，but 后面要省略to, 直接加动词原形。;不定式的时态与语态： 1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。 I saw him go out. I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。 I’m very glad to be working with you. 3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. The article is said to have been read by many people. ;The Gerund;His hobby is painting.; 不定式与动名词的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作： It’s no good eating too much fat. It’s not good for you to eat so much fat. ;动名词与不定式的不同含义： 1) be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去 做某事 be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现 She was afraid ______( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper. She was afraid ______( wake ) her husband, for he was ill. ;动名词的时态和语态 1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式 如G.的动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时发生或在谓语之前发生，用一般式。 We are interested in _____ (play) chess. 如G.的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用完成式。 I’m sorry for not _____ (keep) my promise. 但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。 On hearing the bad news, she cried. I’ll never forget seeing that film for the first time. ;2）动名词的语态 doing ? being done having done ? having been done He was afraid of _____ (leave) at home. The house showed no sign of _____ (damage). 但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却有被动含义 The house requires / needs / wants repairing. The book is worth reading. ;Being a student, I must study hard.(原因) Having been examined by the doctor, the