unit 8 Pricing课件.pptVIP

Unit 8;Outline;Content of Price Term;Various Cost Factors;Price Term in Contract;Total Amount;Commission Discount;Commission is the service fees charged by the agents or brokers for the transactions made for their principles, such as the commission paid by the exporter to its sales agent, and the commission paid by the importer to its purchasing agent.;Discount :is the price deduction allowed by the Seller to the Buyer as a reward for paying cash (cash discount), buying in quantity (quantity discount, volume discount), making early payment (trade discount), or granting some other advantage to the seller. The way to pay discount: The discount is customarily to be deducted from the payment when the buyer pays for the goods.;Pricing methods ;(3)Partial fixed price and partial unfixed price: The parties concerned only fix the price for the commodities to be delivered recently, and leave the price of the commodities to be delivered in the long term open. e.g.: for the goods to be delivered in several lots. (4)Floating pricing: At the time of pricing, the price adjustment is also stipulated. Sometimes, the floating pricing consists of a basic price plus the adjustment. It can be expressed by a formula: Settled Price = Basic price + price adjustment. e.g.: If the concluded price for other buyers is 5% higher or lower than the contract price, both parties will negotiate to adjust the contract price for the quantity of the contract. ;Case Study;自由转船条款（Transhipment　Clause）　　　　转运、换船、联运和转船条款（Forwarding，Substitute of Vessel，Through Cargo and Transhipment）或简称自由转船条款。该条款规定，如有需要，承运人为了完成货物运输可以任意采取一切合理措施，任意改变航线，改变港口或将货物交由承运人自有的或属于他人的船舶，或经铁路或以其他运输工具直接或间接地运往目的港，或运到目的港以远、转船、收运、卸岸、在岸上或水面上储存以及重新装船运送，以上费用均由承运人负担，但风险则由货方承担。承运人责任限于其本身经营的船舶所完成的那部分运输，不得视为违反运输合同。 　　这是保护承运人权益的自由转运条款。在船舶发生故障无法载运，或者目的港港口拥挤一时无法卸载，或者目的港发生罢工等，由承运人使用他船或者通过其他运输方式转运到目的港，或者改港卸货再转运往目的港，费用由承运人负担，但风险由货方负担则欠合理。我国《海商法》第九十一条规定：因不可抗力或者不能归责于承运人的原因，船舶不能在约定的目的港卸货时，船长有权将货物卸在邻近的安全港口，视为已经履行合同；否则，承运人有责任将货物运到