种群知识要点归纳（Population knowledge, main points, induction）.docVIP

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种群知识要点归纳（Population knowledge, main points, induction）.doc

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种群知识要点归纳（Population knowledge, main points, induction） First concepts of biological species and population First, the concept of biological species (a) the Linnean species is composed of individuals with similar shape, the same individuals can mate and produce fertile offspring, hybrid is sterile, the species is not to become independent, no interspecific relation. (two) modern species concept: biological species are composed of populations with certain morphological similarity and genetic similarity. They admit that there are similarities among species, but there are differences between species, but the boundaries are vague. (three) E.Mayr (1982): a species is a reproductive unit composed of many populations (isolated from other reproductive organs), which occupies a certain physiological position in nature. Two. Characteristics of biological species (1) a collection of individuals linked by internal factors (reproduction, heredity, ecology, behavior, mutual identification, systems, etc.); (2) is a collection of individuals that can evolve over time; (3) species are functional units in ecosystems. Three, the basic concepts of population (1) population (population): composed of individuals, occupy a certain space, potentially interbreeding and their own characteristics, structure and function of the whole, is a species in the basic unit in nature. The term population is widely used in biology, and is often used in ecology, genetics and biogeography, as well as ecology. (2) although the population is composed of many individuals, it is not a simple combination of individuals. (3) population is a species (species), a specific unit of existence, a reproductive unit and an evolutionary unit. (4) the spatial boundaries and temporal boundaries of the population are not very clear and are often delineated by the investigator according to the purpose of the investigation. (5) a population can be composed of a single organism or a component organism. Monosomics (Unitary orga