新国概讲义.doc

Part I the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter 1 Land and People 　　Names? British Isles Great Britain England UK（capital: London） Scotland Wales Ireland Northern Ireland Southern Ireland Republic of Ireland（capital: Dublin） Hundreds of small Islands 　 　 不列颠群岛 大不列颠 英格兰 联合王国（首都：伦敦） 苏格兰 威尔士 爱尔兰 北爱尔兰 南爱尔兰 爱尔兰共和国（首都：都柏林） 数以百计的小岛 　 　 　　1） Iberians （伊比利亚人） （the first known settlers）?　　① At about 3000 BC, these short, dark and long-headed people came to Britain, probably from the Iberian Peninsula, now?Spain.?　　② They were farming folk who kept animals and grew crops.　　　　【译文】1）伊比利亚人（所知道的最早的英国居民）　　①大约在公元前3000年的新石器时代，这些身材矮小、黑皮肤、长脸庞的人来到英国，他们很可能来自伊比利亚半岛，即现在的西班牙。　　②作为农民他们饲养动物、种植庄稼。 　　2） The Beaker Folk （宽口陶器人）　　① At about 2000 BC the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now known as?Holland?and the?Rhineland.?　　② These people took their name from their distinctive?bell-shaped drinking vessels?with which they were buried in crouching positions in individual graves.?　　③ They brought with them the art of pottery making, the ability to fashion bronze tools and the custom of individual burial.?　　【译文】2）宽口陶器人　　①大约公元前2000年，宽口陶器人从现在的荷兰和莱茵兰地区来到这里。　　②这一民族得名于他们所用的特殊钟形宽口饮酒容器，这种陶器是陪葬品，分别埋在单独的墓穴里，墓的主人呈蹲伏姿势。　　②他们还带来了制陶工艺、制造青铜工具的技术及单独安葬的习俗。 　　3） The Celts （凯尔特人） （名词解释▲）　　①The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had come before, began to arrive about?500 BC?and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans.?　　②They may originally have come from eastern and central Europe, now France,?Belgium and southern Germany.　　【译文】3） 凯尔特人　　①凯尔特人比先前抵达的种族更高、更漂亮，他们于公元前500年开始迁入，并于此后不断迁居到此岛，直至罗马人入侵。　　②他们可能源自东欧及中欧，即现在的法国、比利时和德国南部。 　　II. Roman Britain （55 BC-410 AD）　　1.British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation.　　　　2.Reasons for untotal occupation:?　　a. some parts of the country resist;?　　b. Roman troops were often withdraw from Britain to fight