多元智能理论（Multiple Intelligences Theory）.docVIP

多元智能理论（Multiple Intelligences Theory） Howard, Gardiner and the theory of Multiple Intelligences I. Theoretical Background The theory of multiple intelligences development since 1983 by Harvard University psychologist Howard? Gardiner (Howard Gardner), has been proposed, so far, nearly 20 years of history, has gradually attracted worldwide attention, and since 90s to become the guiding ideology of education reform in many Western countries. Not only the works by Gardiner were translated into 20 languages, other specialized research on multiple intelligence theory books and papers in the research in the United States and other western countries about psychology and education also accounted for a considerable proportion. 1. critique of traditional intelligence tests in history In 1880s, British biologist Galton (Galton) pioneered the measurement of intelligence. In 1905, French psychologists Binet (Binet) and Simon (Simon) compiled the worlds first formal intelligence test scale to identify children with mental disabilities so that they could receive special education. Since then, intelligence tests have swept the United States and the world. However, it is also produced from the intelligence test date on intelligence test the limitations of the controversy has never stopped, people criticize it for potential concept of intelligence test that intelligence is one yuan, is a single integrated ability is put forward. The single factor on the criticism of intelligence has always been there, the first man Gardiner is not criticizing the traditional intelligence theory, but his criticism, he proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, the traditional intelligence test the limitations of the increasingly prominent. 2., Gardiners research accumulation Gardiner (1943-) was born in Pennsylvania, Clanton (Scranton) city, since childhood love music, especially piano art, high school life is almost spent in Harvard University. Gardiner is a developmental and cognitive psychologi