排泄物中的病毒经由排污系统传播世界卫生组织对淘大花园的报告.PPT

最致命的社區爆發 3月31日－衛生署對淘大花園E座實施隔離措施，所有住客都要遷到隔離營舍，同一時間，調查小組則進入大廈內調查爆發起因 錄影片段顯示淘大花園E座的居民都要暫時遷往隔離營 你是調查小組的成員之一，負責調查病毒在E座的傳染途徑。 現在就動身吧！ 先讓我們溫習疾病傳播的知識… 每種病毒的傳播模式各有不同，總括有以下四種： 載體生物 – 例如：蚊、 虱、 鼠、 蟑螂 空氣和水 – 水滴或塵埃 體液直接接觸 – 例如：汗液、 血液、 唾液及精液 存有乾涸體液的表面 – 門柄、 升降機按鈕等 現在開始調查！ 錄影片段中，調查員說：「徹底搜查大廈每個角落尋找線索．．．」 你知道要尋找甚麼線索嗎？ 你會收集甚麼樣本？ 按步就班分析 鼠、蟑螂、虱、排污系統 哪個才是元兇? 那麼．．．要怎樣才可以減少散播或接觸病毒？ 打噴嚏或咳嗽時要掩著口或鼻 經常用肥皂洗手，特別是如厠後或準備食物前，洗手後用暖風機或紙巾把手乾透 避免接觸他人的體液 進行過這項調查後，你應該知道嚴謹分析和邏輯推斷對科學研究的重要性。 It’s strongly recommended to run this activity in the form of group discussion, as collaborative investigation is much more meaningful and exciting. So if you were the scientist, what would you search for? (highlight their role as scientists) Ask for students’ ideas first! The investigators collected every possible kind of sample – from the air, water, sewage system, cockroaches, rats, cats and dogs in and around the building. They examined every sample collected and found that the water and air samples were clean. Traces of coronaviruses were found in the bodies of cockroaches and rodent droppings, yet the rats themselves didn’t carry it. Traces of coronaviruses were also found in faeces of infected people and the toilet rim of one apartment. With these findings, if you were the scientist, how would you rule in or rule out all these possible causes? [Discussion: E.g. “Was it possible to be spread by rats or cockroaches?”] Give proper hints and guidance to students if they get loss. Teachers remind the students of the infection pattern by going back to slide 5. Analysis: Rats could possibly have acted as carriers, but this would not account for the pattern in which apartments in the building were infected. Cockroaches would have carried the virus horizontally among all the flats on a single floor, not only vertically. Sewage system - As most of the patients from Amoy Gardens had diarrhoea in addition to the common SARS symptoms, researchers and invest