新视野大学英语综合教程4的Book4unit12答案.docVIP

Unit One raw: adj. cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed The event took place on a raw February morning. Raw materials are the natural substances from which industrial products are made. Launch: vt. start Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets. 2) send (sth.) on its course On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the world’s first artificial satellite, called Sputnik. Collocation: launch an attack launch a massive campaign 发动一场大规模的运动 launch a company 开一家公司 launch threats at sb. launch into （积极有力地）开始 launch out （精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始 He launched into a long speech about the danger of taking drugs. She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out into films. campaign: n. a series of military operations or planned activities with a particular aim The government is launching a massive campaign against corruption. efficient: adj. working well, quickly and without waste To cut back on fossil fuels, we should build more efficient cars. It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers. conquest: n. conquering, defeat The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany. retreat: v. move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward. retreat 的反义词是advance，例如： to advance against (on, to, toward) 朝…前进 to retreat from 从…撤退 to retreat to 撤退到 engage: vt. 1) begin fighting with sb. The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediately. 2) draw into; involve We tried to engage him in our conversation, but in vain. 3) attract sb.’s interest His good nature engages everyone. 他善良的性情吸引每个人。 4) occupy Studying engages most of a serious student’s time. Pattern: engage (sb.) in sth.: (cause to) take part in sth. They are currently engaged in lengthy trade negotiations. Collocation: engage as 使聘为… engage in 从事；使参加 engage with 与…啮合 be faced with: have to deal with