英语写作第11章.pptVIP

Chapter 11 Argumentative writing Learning objectives:to understand the purpose of argumentative writing To understand the features of argumentative writing To learn major writing techniques of argumentative writing 11.1 purpose and features The function of an argumentative writing is to show the reader in a reasoned and logical way that your assertion(belief, opinion, theory, hypothesis) is correct or more truthful than others’. One purpose of argumentative writing is to persuade reasonable people to agree with your position. Another is simply to defend your position. A third purpose is to attack some position. Argumentative writing is the act of forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion. 11.2 writing techniques 11.2.1 take a stand When you make an argument, you stake out a position others will likely find controversial and debatable. After making sure your have a debatable topic, you need to take a stand---to state the position you will argue in the form of a thesis. 11.2.2 provide sufficient evidence An argumentative essay presents an argument, and that argument must be backed up by data that persuades readers that the opinion is valid. You should be supporting your ideas with well-researched, accurate, detailed, and current evidence(facts, statistics and/or authorities) that there should not be room for any doubts. 11.2.3 present sound logic All arguments should be based on strong documentary evidence and these evidence should be arranged in a logical and critical process. Generally, there are two ways of reasoning: (1) inductive reasoning or induction Inductive reasoning or induction is reasoning from a specific case or cases and deriving a general rule or conclusion. In other words, you move from specific examples to a general statement. Inferences can be done in four stages: Observation: Analysis: Inference: Confirmation: (2) deductive reasoning or deduction deductive reasoning or deducti