自考旅游英语选读chapter 2.ppt

Chapter Two Lesson 4 Defining a Person 旅游者的定义 1963年联合国召开国际旅行和旅游会议： 确定了Tourists（旅游者）和visitors（游览者）的区别 Tourists: stay for more than 24 hours (过夜) Visitors: stay for less than 24 hours（不过夜）  II.国内旅游 1981年WTO提出国内旅游定义的准则供各国参考（P52） 不同旅游组织给国内旅游者的定义 WTO：国内旅游者：at least 24hs小于一年 国内短途旅游者：less than 24hs 美国：1.美国旅游资源评审委员会：单程至少80km 2.美国旅游统计中心：单程至少160km 3.有些州：单程至少80km 4.弗罗里达州：非本州居民至少逗留一夜以上 加拿大：最小距离80km 安大略省：单程40km以上 哥伦比亚省：外出住宿至少一晚，无具体距离 英国：1.除膳宿在校的学生和半永久性任职的 大于一晚 2. Heely认为旅行不包括商务旅行，而包括为娱 乐不超过24小时的人（对英国影响很小） Determining Factors of Tourism 影响旅游的因素 收入水平 客观条件 闲暇时间 社会因素、年龄、生命周期等 主观条件 旅游动机 a. positive effects on demands（积极影响）: discretionary incomes/ increased educational standards/ increased leisure time/ improved transport （P63） b. negative effects on demands（消极影响）: life cycle of the family（P62） 客观条件 Increased leisure time, especially with improved incomes in the developed countries, has led to growing demand for tourism both at home and abroad.（P63） The development of the car, associated road networks, the railways, efficient aircraft offering greater comfort and safety. Bus and coach tours and railway excursions have great impact on those with limited incomes. Long distance, international air travel improvements, especially cheaper fares have increased demand from the higher income groups but also extended possibilities for such holidays to the middle income and less well-off persons. 主观因素（P65） 2. motivation of tourism（旅游动机） the key to understanding tourist motivation is to see vacation travel as a satisfier of needs and wants. 了解旅游动机的关键是把旅游看做对人们愿望的满足。 They take vacation in the hope and belief that these vacations will satisfy, either wholly or partially, various needs and wants. 人们之所以旅游是希望旅行活动能全部或部分满足人们的愿望。 2) Maslow’s hierachy