《新编语言学教程》课后答案.docVIP

(1) semantics: the study of linguistic meaning. (2) truth-conditional semantics: an approach that knowing the meaning of the sentence is the same as knowing the conditions under which the sentence is true or false, and knowing the meaning of a word or expression is knowing the part that it plays in the truth or falsehood of the sentence containing it. (3) naming theory: the view that the meaning of an expression is what it refers to, or names. (4) behaviorist theory: the view that the meaning of a linguistic form is de?ned as observable behaviors which is an approach drawing on psychology. (5) use theory: the semantic theory according to which the meaning of an expression is determined by its use in communication and more generally, in social interaction. (6) sense: the inherent part of an expression’s meaning, together with the context, determines its referent. For example, knowing the sense of a noun phrase such as the president of the United States in 2004 allows one to determine that George such as the president of the United States in 2004 allows one to determine that George (7) reference: (in semantics) the relationship between words and the things, actions, events and qualities they stand for. An example in English is the relationship between the word tree and the object “tree” (referent) in the real world. (8) conceptual meaning: It means the meaning of words may be discussed in terms of what they denote or refer to, also called denotative or cognitive meaning. It is the essential and inextricable part of what language is and is widely regarded as the central factor in verbal communication. For instance, the conceptual meaning of “he” in English is any male person or male animal. (9) connotative meaning: It is the communicative meaning that a word or a combination of words has by virtue of what it refers to, over its purely conceptual meaning. For example, the connotativ