英语作文：人口老龄化对经济发展的消极影响.docxVIP

（一）人口老龄化对经济发展的消极影响　　人口的老龄化意味着劳动年龄人口比重的下降，赡养比以及总的赡养费用的上升，老年人的社会保障支出增加等等，这一切都会对经济的发展产生不良的影响。人口老龄化对经济发展的不利影响主要表现在以下几个方面。一是人口老龄化会减少劳动力的供给。人口的老龄化必然会导致社会总的青壮年劳动力比例的下降，造成了经济发展的劳动力匮乏和劳动力老龄化，劳动力要素是经济发展的重要投入因素，直接影响到我国经济的持续稳定发展。二是人口老龄化增加了政府的财政负担。人口的老龄化必然带来大量的老年人队伍，为了给老年人稳定的晚年生活，政府必须将大量的财政收入应用于养老、医疗卫生服务以及社会服务，严重的增加了国家的财政负担，减少了国家对经济建设的投入。从西方经济的角度来看，一个国家的国民收入通过初次分配和再次分配，最终形成消费基金和积累基金。积累金越多，国家就可以拿出更多的钱用于经济建设投入，刺激经济的发展。人口老龄化必然导致国家将大量的国民收入用于老年人社会保障支出，减少了国家对经济建设的投入，不利于我国经济长期稳定的发展。三是人口老龄化不利于储蓄和税收的增加。从经济学的角度来看，居民的可支配The economic consequences of population agingnegative effectsPopulation aging have negative effects on economic development on such aspects. Firstly, population aging cause the decline in labor supply, which directly influence the continuous and stable development. Secondly, fiscal burden increases due to the huge expenditure on pension, medical services and social services. Meanwhile, Population aging is not good for savings and taxes. The private disposable income is equal to the private consumption and investment expenditure. As for saving is fundamental to investment, only when the saving is adequate one will spend on investment, stimulating economic growth and sustainable development.In addition, the aging population will lead to increased government spending, but the proportion of taxpayers in the workforce reduces. In order to increase tax revenue, the government can only increase tax rate. This will reduce the enthusiasm of the workers as well as increase the burden on enterprises.However it has positive effects. Elderly drive the economy by the silver industry, which is becoming an sunrise industry. Elderly are also a kind of experienced labor force. Finally, Elderly can help the young to raise their child, enable them to focus more on their work and boost their efficiency.收入分为储蓄和消费两部分，这两部分此消彼长。储蓄是投资的基础，只有储蓄部分增加，居民才有更多的可支配收入用于投资，刺激经济的可持续发展。人口老龄不利于我国居民储蓄率的增加。人口老龄化意味着老年人口增加，老年的劳动能力有限，可支配收入减少，用于储蓄的资金会随之减少；同时因为生理原因，老年的疾病增加、自理能力下降，甚至需要动用过去储蓄的资金用于消费，进一步降低全社会的储蓄率，不利于经济的发